Business

Foundations of Marketing — Week 2 1 · What Is Marketing? “Marketing is human activity directed at satisfying needs & wants through an exchange process.” — Philip Kotler Needs → Wants → Demand : Basic needs (food) evolve into wants (delicious food); when purchasing power joins the mix, we get demand. 4P Mix : Product · Price · Place · Promotion — the classic toolkit for turning demand into value. Kotler calls marketing customer satisfaction ; every corporate action around product planning, pricing, distribution, and promotion is ultimately about delighting a specific market. 2 · Core Concepts at the Heart of Marketing Concept Slide Highlights Need / Want / Demand Demand constantly shifts—beverages have one of the shortest cycles. Product (or “Offer”) Anything that can satisfy a need: goods, services, people, places, ideas. Customer Value Value = Benefits – Cost. The gap between what customers get and what they pay. Customer Satisfaction Per...

Learning AI: Definitions, Milestones & Business Impact  1 · What is AI? AI is often generalized down to a single buzzword, but there are three main ideas: Layer In Plain English Typical Examples Weak / Narrow AI Systems specialized for one job. Spam filters, chess engines Strong AI Systems matching the flexibility of a human mind (still hypothetical). — Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) A self‑improving, broadly capable mind (science‑fiction—for now). — Key historical markers: 1950 — Alan Turing proposes the Turing Test; 1956 — the term “Artificial Intelligence” is coined at the Dartmouth workshop. Machine Learning Definition: Algorithms that learn from data instead of relying on hard‑coded rules. Detect patterns (e.g., recognizing handwriting) Improve as more data arrives Power most practical AI applications today Deep Learning Definition : A subset of machine learning that stacks many “neurons” in deep neural networks to model complex patterns. Br...